Pollen contamination trends in a maturing Douglas-fir seed orchard

نویسنده

  • W. T. Adams
چکیده

Pollen contamination was investigated in one block (block 4) of a 10-block Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchard complex in western Oregon. Blocks (25 clones each) represent different breeding zones; thus, contaminant pollen sources not only included the adjacent natural stand of Douglas-fir, but also other blocks within the orchard complex. Stored seed lots from five crop years (i.e., 1982, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990) were sampled (200 seeds each) and assayed at 11 allozyme loci. One seed lot (1982) was found to have a high proportion of seed contaminants and was discarded, leaving five crop years for comparison (including 1980 from a previous study). Despite large increases (up to 6-fold) in pollen production from the first commercial crop in 1980, levels of pollen contamination (m) in block 4 remained high and did not differ significantly among years (mean m̂ = 0.489, range 0.421–0.606). On average, 79% of the contaminants since 1985 came from the natural stand; 21% from other orchard blocks. Without spatial isolation from nonorchard pollen sources or intensive pollen management to limit contamination (e.g., bloom delay and supplemental mass pollination), levels of pollen contamination can be quite high, even in mature Douglas-fir seed orchards. Résumé : Les auteurs ont étudié le phénomène de contamination pollinique au sein de 1 des 10 blocs (bloc 4) d’un complexe de vergers à graines de sapin de Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) localisé dans l’Ouest de l’Orégon. Les blocs, qui contenaient chacun 25 clones, représentaient des zones d’amélioration différentes et donc, les sources de pollen contaminant incluaient non seulement les peuplements naturels adjacents de sapin de Douglas mais aussi, les autres blocs localisés à l’intérieur du complexe de vergers. Des lots de semences entreposés et représentatifs de cinq années de récolte (c-à-d 1982, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990) furent échantillonnés à raison de 200 semences par lot, et ils furent analysés au niveau de 11 loci d’alloenzymes. Un de ces lots (1982) fut mis de côté puisqu’il contenait une forte proportion de semences contaminantes, laissant ainsi cinq années de récolte pour les analyses comparatives (en incluant 1980 qui découle d’une étude antérieure). Malgré des augmentations importantes (jusqu’à six fois) de la production de pollen depuis la première récolte commerciale de semences en 1980, les niveaux de contamination pollinique (m) au sein du bloc 4 demeuraient élevés et ne variaient pas significativement d’une année à l’autre (moyenne de m̂ = 0,489, avec une étendue de 0,421 à 0,606). En moyenne, 79% des contaminants depuis 1985 provenaient des peuplements naturels adjacents et 21% des autres blocs du complexe de vergers. Sans un isolement spatial contre les sources exogènes de pollen ou sans une gestion intensive du pollen afin de diminuer la contamination (par exemple, retarder le débourrement en verger et utiliser une pollinisation supplémentaire de masse), les niveaux de contamination pollinique peuvent être élevés, même au sein des vergers à graines matures de sapin

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تاریخ انتشار 1998